Understanding Endometrial Hyperplasia

Endometrial hyperplasia is a condition in which the lining of the uterus, known as the endometrium, becomes thicker than usual. This can lead to abnormal bleeding and, in some cases, may increase the risk of developing endometrial cancer.

Symptoms

The most common symptom of endometrial hyperplasia is abnormal uterine bleeding. This can manifest as heavy periods, bleeding between periods, or postmenopausal bleeding. Some women may also experience pelvic pain or pressure.

Diagnosis

If you are experiencing abnormal bleeding, your doctor may recommend a pelvic exam to check for any abnormalities in the uterus. They may also perform an ultrasound to evaluate the thickness of the endometrium. In some cases, a dilation and curettage (D&C) procedure may be necessary to collect a sample of the endometrial tissue for further analysis.

Causes

The exact cause of endometrial hyperplasia is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to an imbalance of hormones, particularly estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen promotes the growth of the endometrium, while progesterone helps to regulate its growth. If there is an excess of estrogen relative to progesterone, the endometrium may become thickened.

Risk Factors

Certain factors may increase the risk of developing endometrial hyperplasia, including:

• Obesity: Fat cells produce estrogen, which can lead to hormonal imbalances.
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): This condition is associated with high levels of estrogen.
• Hormone therapy: Taking estrogen without progesterone can increase the risk.
• Diabetes: Insulin resistance can lead to higher levels of estrogen.

Treatment

The treatment for endometrial hyperplasia will depend on the severity of the condition and whether or not there are any precancerous changes present.

If the hyperplasia is mild and there are no precancerous cells, your doctor may recommend watchful waiting and regular monitoring to see if the condition improves on its own.

For more severe cases, treatment options may include:

• Hormone therapy: Progestin, a synthetic form of progesterone, may be prescribed to help regulate the growth of the endometrium.
• Surgery: In some cases, a hysterectomy may be recommended to remove the uterus and prevent further growth of the endometrium.
• Lifestyle changes: Maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and following a balanced diet can help to regulate hormone levels and reduce the risk of endometrial hyperplasia.

Prevention

While there is no surefire way to prevent endometrial hyperplasia, there are steps you can take to reduce your risk:

• Maintain a healthy weight: Obesity is a major risk factor for hormonal imbalances.
• Stay active: Regular exercise can help to regulate hormone levels and reduce the risk of endometrial hyperplasia.
• Limit hormone therapy: If you are undergoing hormone replacement therapy, discuss the risks with your doctor and explore alternatives.

By understanding the symptoms, causes, and risk factors associated with endometrial hyperplasia, you can take proactive steps to manage your health and reduce your risk of developing this condition. If you are experiencing abnormal uterine bleeding or other symptoms, be sure to consult with your healthcare provider for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.